5 year-end Accounting Tips
The decisions we make for the upcoming year will be based on the results of 2017 and the many things we learned this past year. Since we base many decisions on information found in our financial statements, we need to ensure the data is clean and accurate and that we have the cash to implement our plan for next year. Here are five questions to ask to ensure you have good, clean data and that your financial house is in order.
Year End Accounting Tip #1
Is your profit and loss statement (P/L) accurate? Your P/L is a storyboard depicting revenue, expenses and profit. It measures the quality of these items against past or budgeted results and often against industry benchmarks. A clean P/L is maintained by choosing an accounting convention such as accrual basis while respecting time periods or cutoffs. For example, the revenue you produced for a month should be offset by the expenses incurred to produce that revenue and should be coded to that same month. Does your accounting respect period cutoffs?
Does your gross margin (revenue minus direct costs) look accurate? If it’s too low or too high, it can be a sign of a great year or a terrible year. Or, it can be a sign that your revenue or expense coding is bad.
Your P/L will give you clues to how you performed and where you succeeded and failed—only if your transactional coding is proper. So, spend some time drilling down on specific P/L line items to ensure they’re accurate.
Year End Accounting Tip #2
Does your balance sheet (B/S) make sense? The B/S shows the financial position of a firm on a given date (i.e., assets, liabilities and net worth). An easy way to distinguish the P/L from the B/S is to think of the P/L as a statement showing how our business did in terms of revenue, profit and growth for a given period. The B/S shows us what our firm has because of cumulative P/Ls, owner distributions and financing activities in the past. Most business owners are more focused on the P/L than the B/S. If you have a problem interpreting the data from your B/S or want to make sure it’s accurate, talk with your accountant.
Year End Accounting Tip #3
Are your accounts receivable (AR) clean? AR management is an important area of financial management. A business that doesn’t have control of its accounts receivable will almost always have poor cash flow and have trouble meeting its expenses on time. AR management starts with laying out a formal procedure for collections. This procedure starts with an AR aging report. At each point along the way, you should make a collection effort (i.e., at 30 days, a phone call to the customer; at 60 days, a letter; at 90 days, perhaps a stronger effort). In any event, the company shouldn’t allow a large percentage of its receivables to go over the 60-day column. The older a receivable is, the more difficult it is to collect. Have an effective collection process and be firm when deciding to put a customer on credit hold.
Year End Accounting Tip #4
Have you done your year-end tax planning? Are you showing a large profit? Most savvy business owners are doing their tax planning now (before year-end). This is the time to create the facts about your 2017 tax situation. Early 2018 is the time to report on the facts created and pay taxes based on those facts. In other words, now is the time to work to reduce your 2017 taxes; waiting until 2018 filing season is just looking into the rearview mirror and reacting. Tax planning can be summed up in four words: “Postpone income; accelerate deductions.”
Year End Accounting Tip #5
Have you created a budget for 2018? Budgeting is nothing more than formulating a coherent financial plan for a period in the future, usually one or two years. As the plan is implemented, we can rate our efforts compared to the budget we created. Budgeting allows us to predict the number of technicians, vehicles, equipment and more that we’ll need based on our revenue projections.
Keys for a successful budget include:
- Creating realistic sales and expense forecasts
- Making realistic goals based on current income and expenses
- Looking at your budget often and adjusting it to achieve your goals.
This can be summed up in four words: “Postpone income; accelerate deductions.” Here are his suggestions to do just that.
Strategies to postpone income include: Pushing a large job from this year to next, if there is flexibility with the customer; Pushing the sale of a gain-generating asset into the next year; or Using the like-kind exchange provisions (Section 1031) to defer recognizing gain on dispositions of business or investment property.
Strategies to accelerate deductions include: Making fourth-quarter state estimated tax payments in the current year; Prepaying property taxes due the following year; For cash basis taxpayers, prepaying certain expenses; and Making contributions to retirement plans.
Closing out the year can be a huge task from an accounting perspective. By focusing on the above five items, business owners will have a clearer path to success in 2018! Click here for more information about Turf Books!
This article was written and published in Landscape Management by Daniel S. Gordon